PAC
Technical documentation
Premature Atrial Complexes
Ectopic beat originating in an atrial focus outside the SA node. Precocious P' wave with morphology distinct from the sinus P wave. It may conduct to ventricles with normal PR, conduct with aberration (bundle branch block morphology), or block in the AV node if it arrives during its refractory period. Followed by an incomplete compensatory pause.
Also known as: Premature Atrial Complexes · extrasistoles auriculares · extrasistole auricular · complejos auriculares prematuros · latidos auriculares prematuros · premature atrial contraction · PAC · EA · APC
What parameters does the model use?
The following values are applied by the simulation engine to this entity. They govern activation kinematics in the 3D model and the real-time synthesis of the 12-lead electrocardiogram.
What parameters does the model use?
| Parameter | Model value |
|---|---|
| Mechanism | Automatismo |
| Impulse origin | Sinoatrial node (SA node) |
| Modeled rate | 60–100 bpm (default 75) |
| Regularity | Irregular |
| P wave | Ectopic |
| PR interval | 120–200 ms (default 160) |
| QRS duration | 90 ms |
| QRS morphology | Normal (narrow) |
| AV conduction | 1:1 AV conduction |
| Severity | Benign |
Which leads should be evaluated?
The catalog marks as primary diagnostic leads II, V1. Premature ectopic P' wave with abnormal morphology in leads II and V1.
In the simulator, these leads are highlighted on the 12-channel tracing and corresponding vectors are rendered on the 3D model, displaying electrical changes and anatomical origin simultaneously.
Frequently asked clinical questions
How is Premature Atrial Complexes identified on the 12-lead ECG?
Ectopic beat originating in an atrial focus outside the SA node. Precocious P' wave with morphology distinct from the sinus P wave. It may conduct to ventricles with normal PR, conduct with aberration (bundle branch block morphology), or block in the AV node if it arrives during its refractory period. Followed by an incomplete compensatory pause. The characteristic diagnostic waveforms are generated in real time across the simulated 12-lead tracing.
Which leads are critical for diagnostic confirmation?
The primary diagnostic leads are II, V1. Premature ectopic P' wave with abnormal morphology in leads II and V1. In the simulator, these channels highlight the correlation with anatomical vectors.
What is the underlying electrophysiological or anatomical mechanism?
It originates from altered conduction in the SA_NODE, mediated by automatismo.
How can this condition be explored in the 3D simulator?
MioAtlas offers direct deep-link reproducibility with preconfigured parameters, allowing full 3D cardiac rotation and lead vector inspection.
How do you open this configuration?
The simulator encodes its full state in the query string, providing a stable and reproducible URL:
https://mioatlas.com/simulador/en/?mode=conduction&arr=PAC
Related entities
Other entities in the same category within the catalog:
Sources and bibliographic references
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Anderson RH, Yanni J, Boyett MR, Chandler NJ, Dobrzynski H (2009). "The anatomy of the cardiac conduction system". Clin Anat.
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Kligfield P, Gettes LS, Bailey JJ, et al. (2007). "Recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: Part I: The electrocardiogram and its technology". Circulation.
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Sovilj S, Magjarevic R, Lovell NH, Dokos S (2013). "A simplified 3D model of whole heart electrical activity and 12-lead ECG generation". Comput Math Methods Med.