限制型心肌病(淀粉样变性)
由于不溶性淀粉样蛋白原纤维(AL轻链型或ATTRm/ATTRwt甲状腺素运载蛋白型)进行性细胞外沉积于双心室及心房心肌间质引起的浸润性限制型心肌病。
定义
由于不溶性淀粉样蛋白原纤维(AL轻链型或ATTRm/ATTRwt甲状腺素运载蛋白型)进行性细胞外沉积于双心室及心房心肌间质引起的浸润性限制型心肌病,引起心室壁僵硬度极度增高、重度限制性舒张功能不全、心室腔不扩大或缩小、显著双房扩大,以及心室壁增厚与心电图低电压之间的经典分离 [C1] [G5-05] [G5-06]。
严重程度标准
- 心室壁增厚:在无高血压或瓣膜负荷过重解释的情况下,舒张末期室间隔或后壁厚度 ≥ 12 mm(典型为 12–18 mm)[C1] [G5-05] [G5-06]。
- 多普勒限制性充盈图形:跨二尖瓣E/A流速比值 > 2.0,E波减速时间(EDT)< 150 ms,以及严重受抑的瓣环组织舒张期流速(e' < 5 cm/s,E/e' > 15)[G5-05] [G5-06]。
- 心电图低电压标准:所有肢体导联QRS波群振幅 < 5 mm(0.5 mV)或胸前导联Sokolow-Lyon指数 < 15 mm,伴电压与心肌质量不匹配(电压与心室质量比值显著减低)[G5-05] [G5-06] [E1]。
- 双心室充盈压:平均肺毛细血管楔压 > 18–20 mmHg 及右心房压 > 12–15 mmHg,心室舒张期压力曲线呈“平方根”(下陷与平台)形态 [M5] [G5-06]。
- 心室容积:正常或缩小的左室舒张末期容积(< 100–120 mL)[C1] [G5-05]。
分层表现
血流动力学
心律
ECG
心音与杂音
颈静脉搏动
模拟器严重程度分级
模拟器严重程度分级:
单一级别
基线心律:
正常窦性心律
亦称为: 心脏淀粉样变性 · 淀粉样变心肌病 · 限制型淀粉样心肌病 · ATTR心肌病 · AL型淀粉样变性
该组中的其他病变
相关临床对比
文献来源
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