主动脉缩窄
胸主动脉的先天性狭窄或管腔狭小,典型位于动脉导管或动脉导管韧带附着区(峡部),紧邻左锁骨下动脉起始部的远端。
定义
胸主动脉的先天性狭窄或管腔狭小,典型位于动脉导管或动脉导管韧带附着区(峡部),紧邻左锁骨下动脉起始部的远端。它对左心室射血形成固定性机械性阻碍,引起近端动脉高血压(上肢和脑循环)、远端低灌注(下肢)、左心室向心性肥厚以及侧支旁路血管网的建立(胸廓内动脉、肋间动脉和肩胛动脉)[C5] [C6] [G4-09]。
严重程度标准
分层表现
血流动力学
ECG
心音与杂音
- 肩胛间区收缩期 / 连续性杂音(背部区域):收缩中期或收缩晚期喷射性杂音,在左锁骨下窝前部可闻及,但最响部位位于左侧肩胛间区后部(胸降主动脉投影处,T4–T6水平)[G1-14] [G4-09]。
- 伴侧支循环的重度表现中:背部及腋下胸壁因扩张的肋间动脉血流可闻及弥漫性连续性或收缩早期杂音 [G1-14] [G4-09]。
- 第二心音(S2):因近端主动脉根部舒张压高,主动脉瓣成分(A2)亢进 [G1-11] [G4-09]。
- 喷射音(喀喇音):若合并二叶式主动脉瓣(见于 50–70% 的病例),在心尖部或主动脉瓣区常见 [G1-16] [C5]。
- 第四心音(S4):在伴有僵硬性左心室肥厚的重度表现中出现房性奔马律 [G1-13]。
颈静脉搏动
- 通常正常;若左室间隔肥厚损害右室充盈(Bernheim效应),可出现明显的a波 [B3]。
模拟器严重程度分级
模拟器严重程度分级:
轻度, 中度, 重度
基线心律:
正常窦性心律
亦称为: 主动脉缩窄 · 主动脉狭窄 · 主动脉峡部狭窄 · CoA
该组中的其他病变
文献来源
- [B1] Bedside diagnosis of systolic murmurs . N Engl J Med (1988) . DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198806163182404 PubMed: 2897627
- [B3] The jugular venous pressure revisited . Cleve Clin J Med (2013) . DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.80a.13039 PubMed: 24085809
- [B4] The Carotid Pulse . Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (1990) . PubMed: 21250154
- [C4] 2025 ACC/AHA/HRS/ISACHD/SCAI Guideline for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines . Circulation (2026) . DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001402 PubMed: 41411375
- [C5] 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease . Eur Heart J (2021) . DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa554 PubMed: 32860028
- [C6] 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of peripheral arterial and aortic diseases . Eur Heart J (2024) . DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae179 PubMed: 39210722
- [E1] AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part V: electrocardiogram changes associated with cardiac chamber hypertrophy: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society: endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology . Circulation (2009) . DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191097 PubMed: 19228820
- [E2] AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part III: intraventricular conduction disturbances: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society: endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology . Circulation (2009) . DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191095 PubMed: 19228822
- [G1-11] The Second Heart Sound . Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (1990) . PubMed: 21250183
- [G1-13] The Fourth Heart Sound . Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (1990) . PubMed: 21250185
- [G1-14] Systolic Murmurs . Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (1990) . PubMed: 21250186
- [G1-16] Ejection Clicks . Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (1990) . PubMed: 21250188
- [G4-09] Congenital heart disease in adults. First of two parts . N Engl J Med (2000) . DOI: 10.1056/NEJM200001273420407 PubMed: 10648769