膜周部室间隔缺损
室间隔先天性缺损,位于间隔的膜部,紧邻主动脉瓣及三尖瓣隔瓣。
定义
室间隔先天性缺损,位于间隔的膜部,紧邻主动脉瓣及三尖瓣隔瓣。为最常见的室间隔缺损类型(70–80%)。允许收缩期血液从左心室向右心室高压分流,引起肺血管床、左心房和左心室容量负荷过重 [C5] [G4-05]。
严重程度标准
分层表现
血流动力学
ECG
心音与杂音
- 限制性VSD中的收缩期杂音(L/M):胸骨左缘第 3-4 肋间(胸骨左下缘)闻及粗糙、高频、响亮的全收缩期杂音(4–6/6级)伴可触及震颤 [G1-14] [G4-05]。
- 大型VSD中的杂音(G):由于压力均等化呈更柔和且更短促的全收缩期杂音(2–3/6级)[G1-14] [G4-05]。
- 第二心音(S2):伴肺动脉高压的重度病变中肺动脉瓣成分P2亢进 [G1-11] [G4-05]。
- 二尖瓣隆隆样杂音:在伴大量分流的重度病变中,由于跨二尖瓣血流过多在心尖部闻及功能性舒张中期隆隆样杂音 [G1-15] [G4-05]。
- 第三心音(S3):LV容量负荷过重时在心尖部闻及快速充盈奔马律 [G1-12]。
动脉脉搏
- 重度LV容量负荷过重时正常或呈高动力性 [B4]。
模拟器严重程度分级
模拟器严重程度分级:
轻度, 中度, 重度
基线心律:
正常窦性心律
亦称为: 膜周部室间隔缺损 · 膜部室间隔缺损 · 膜周型VSD · 膜旁型VSD · VSD
该组中的其他病变
相关临床对比
文献来源
- [B1] Bedside diagnosis of systolic murmurs . N Engl J Med (1988) . DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198806163182404 PubMed: 2897627
- [B3] The jugular venous pressure revisited . Cleve Clin J Med (2013) . DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.80a.13039 PubMed: 24085809
- [B4] The Carotid Pulse . Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (1990) . PubMed: 21250154
- [C4] 2025 ACC/AHA/HRS/ISACHD/SCAI Guideline for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines . Circulation (2026) . DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001402 PubMed: 41411375
- [C5] 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease . Eur Heart J (2021) . DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa554 PubMed: 32860028
- [E1] AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part V: electrocardiogram changes associated with cardiac chamber hypertrophy: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society: endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology . Circulation (2009) . DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191097 PubMed: 19228820
- [E2] AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part III: intraventricular conduction disturbances: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society: endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology . Circulation (2009) . DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191095 PubMed: 19228822
- [G1-11] The Second Heart Sound . Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (1990) . PubMed: 21250183
- [G1-12] The Third Heart Sound . Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (1990) . PubMed: 21250184
- [G1-14] Systolic Murmurs . Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (1990) . PubMed: 21250186
- [G1-15] Diastolic Murmurs . Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (1990) . PubMed: 21250187
- [G4-05] Ventricular septal defect . Lancet (2011) . DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61339-6 PubMed: 21349577