动脉导管未闭
连接降主动脉近端(紧邻左锁骨下动脉开口远端)与主肺动脉分叉处顶部的胎儿血管结构持续存在未闭。
定义
连接降主动脉近端(紧邻左锁骨下动脉开口远端)与主肺动脉分叉处顶部的胎儿血管结构持续存在未闭。由于在整个心动周期(收缩期和舒张期)中主动脉与肺动脉之间持续存在压力阶差,产生连续性左向右分流,引起肺血管床、左心房和左心室容量负荷过重 [C5] [G4-08]。
严重程度标准
分层表现
血流动力学
ECG
心音与杂音
- 连续性机器样杂音(Gibson杂音):左锁骨下第1及第2肋间(左锁骨下区)闻及粗糙连续性杂音,始于收缩早期,于收缩晚期达到高峰并包裹第二心音(S2),舒张期逐渐减弱且无中断 [G1-14] [G1-15] [G4-08]。
- 震颤:中度和重度病变中在左锁骨下窝可触及连续性震颤 [G4-08] [G4-09]。
- 第二心音(S2):被连续性杂音高峰掩盖;若能闻及,合并肺动脉高压时P2亢进 [G1-11] [G4-08]。
- 心尖部隆隆样杂音:在大量分流(Qp:Qs > 2.0)中,因跨二尖瓣血流过多在心尖部出现功能性舒张中期隆隆样杂音 [G1-15] [G4-08]。
- 第三心音(S3):左室容量负荷过重而在心尖部闻及的室性奔马律 [G1-12]。
颈静脉搏动
- 一般正常;存在合并右心室负荷过重或心室衰竭时平均静脉压升高 [B3]。
模拟器严重程度分级
模拟器严重程度分级:
轻度, 中度, 重度
基线心律:
正常窦性心律
亦称为: 动脉导管未闭 · 动脉导管持久不闭 · 未闭动脉导管 · PDA
该组中的其他病变
文献来源
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- [B3] The jugular venous pressure revisited . Cleve Clin J Med (2013) . DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.80a.13039 PubMed: 24085809
- [B4] The Carotid Pulse . Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (1990) . PubMed: 21250154
- [C4] 2025 ACC/AHA/HRS/ISACHD/SCAI Guideline for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines . Circulation (2026) . DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001402 PubMed: 41411375
- [C5] 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease . Eur Heart J (2021) . DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa554 PubMed: 32860028
- [E1] AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part V: electrocardiogram changes associated with cardiac chamber hypertrophy: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society: endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology . Circulation (2009) . DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191097 PubMed: 19228820
- [E2] AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part III: intraventricular conduction disturbances: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society: endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology . Circulation (2009) . DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191095 PubMed: 19228822
- [G1-11] The Second Heart Sound . Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (1990) . PubMed: 21250183
- [G1-12] The Third Heart Sound . Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (1990) . PubMed: 21250184
- [G1-14] Systolic Murmurs . Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (1990) . PubMed: 21250186
- [G1-15] Diastolic Murmurs . Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (1990) . PubMed: 21250187
- [G4-08] Patent ductus arteriosus . Circulation (2006) . DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.592063 PubMed: 17060397
- [G4-09] Congenital heart disease in adults. First of two parts . N Engl J Med (2000) . DOI: 10.1056/NEJM200001273420407 PubMed: 10648769